Saturday, June 19, 2010

衰退

市場上每日都有好多唔同嘅數據會公報,有一些會係領先指數(採購經理指數),有一些會係同步指數(諗唔到住),有一些會係滯後指數(失業率),而股市都會因為受上述嘅數據影響。


今次講領先數據,究竟邊隻係較為準呢?我就認為係呢個 --- ECRI 


Defination : 
由美國經濟週期研究院(ECRI, Economic Cycle Research Institute)所發佈的每週領先指標(WLI, Weekly Leading Index),是在每週末公布前一週資料。ECRI週領先指標是由19項指標組成,合要素有貨幣供給額,JOC-ECRI工業市場價格指數,房貸申請,債券實質利率,股價,債券殖利率,首次申請失業救濟等。


Usage : 
We divided the ECRI into four different phases:
1. From the trough to zero (coming out of recession).
2. From zero to the peak (“sweet spot” of the cycle — from the end of the recession to the cycle peak in growth).
3. From the peak back to zero (past the peak in growth; economy slows but not back in recession).
4. Zero back to the negative trough (heading back into recession).






左圖係最新嘅指數:


簡單嚟講,若呢個指數落到負數,有「好大機會」會預視未來三個月至六個月會進入衰退,相反亦然。點解我會講係「好大機會」呢?


其實每一個指標都唔會百分之一百就比人知衰退嚟緊,另一方面,衰退嘅定義都無一個標準(通常話係連續兩季負GDP)。所以,呢個指標都有誤鳴嘅時候:「自1983年以來,ECRI增長由正變負十幾次,但隨後的經濟衰退只對3次。」


要有一個較準嘅預測,唔可以單睇一個指數,而ECRI都有佢地本身嘅定義


ECRI has no simple rule for determining when the economy is headed for recession. It compares recent movements in its indices with previous business cycles. In order to signal a genuine turn in the cycle the indices must change direction in a way that is pronounced in size, pervasive across individual components and persistent.


In fact, at the very least, ECRI itself would need to see a “pronounced, pervasive and persistent” decline in the level of the WLI (not merely negative readings in its growth rate) following a “pronounced, pervasive and persistent” decline in ECRI’s U.S. Long Leading Index (not discussed in the article), before it makes a recession call


咁今次嘅下跌係誤鳴定係嚟真呢?我諗由佢講出口會比較好



ECRI 總經理 Lakshman Achuthan 表示,坦白說上周的跌幅,確實很大。Achuthan 接受雅虎 (Yahoo) 網路節目《Tech Ticker》訪問時指出,領先指標有這樣的跌幅,值得擔憂;但並不意味美國進入衰退期,或是近期內一定會落入二度衰退。Achuthan 坦承,他確實對於美國經濟保持警戒,並非毫不考慮二度衰退的可能性;但要現在下斷論,時機仍未成熟。Achuthan 重申,美國經濟確實正在奮戰,但還要幾個月 ECRI 才能作出確定判斷。不過 Achuthan 提醒,ECRI 的美國長期領先指標,並未跟隨近幾周單周數據驟跌,而同樣明顯下滑。此外,部分同時指標 (coincident index) 「依舊大增」,視為正面跡象。Achuthan 並指出,儘管在所有令人擔憂的經濟因素中,就業人數預期在未來幾個月內再上升;不過,近期的增勢,並不會顯著抑制美國頑強的高失業率。他預期就算在不會出現新一波衰退的情況下,美國就業市場也得等到 2015、2017 年,才能痊癒。

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